media studies

Vertical integration 

• it is a degree to which a firm owns its upstream supplies and its downstream buyers.

• For example- two companies are brought together to make more profit 

Backwards integration 

•  The companies owns some of the subsidiaries that produce some of the inputs used in the production of its products. 

• When a car company owns a tire company 

Forward integration 

• the company owns the subsidiaries that market product 

Balanced integration

• this is an arrangement in which the supply chain of a company is owned by the company and usually each member of the supply chain produces a different product or market specific service, the products combine to satisfy a common need. 

Horizontal

• a situation when two firms in the same industry and at the same stage of production come together for example bauer media 

Advantages 

• the company gets more profit and it decreases the competition

Disadvantages

• it means there could be fewer companies with more control and power potentially means the ability to influence on a major scale 

Industry structure 

• private media is any media that outlets whose financing is provided by individuals or private groups. this is usually very motivated by profit. (ITV) 

• public owned public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets.

• public service broadcasting refers to TV programmes that are broadcast for the public benefit rather than for purely commercial purposes. These programmes include local news coverage, arts programmes and religious broadcasts.

• multi national has facilities and other assets in at least one country other than its home country. Such companies have offices and/or factories in different countries and usually have a centralized head office where they coordinate global management.

• independents this refers to any form of media such as radio television, newspapers or the internet, that is free of influence by the government or corporate interests (channel 4 ) 

• conglomerates this is a company that owns a numerous of companies in various mass media: e.g. television, radio, publishing, motion picture, theme park and the internet. (Disney) 

The difference between privately own and public service is that the private sector is usually composed of organisations that are privately owned and not part of the government also this includes corporations both profit and non profit and partnership. whereas the public sector is usually a company that is owned by the government this includes state or municipal governments. 

The BBC remains a powerful presence in broadcasting and online but its budget has been severely cut by the last two licence fee details

• The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, and is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with over 20,950 staff in total, of whom 16,672 are in public sector broadcasting, including part-time, flexible as well as fixed contract staff, the total number is 35,402.

• BBC is funded A conundrum in public service broadcasting is how to ensure that a public-funded broadcaster can remain independent from political control. The licence fee is a necessary, if not sufficient, part of the solution.